A Rebuttal to
Whitman
By
Sean Ewart
Introduction
Democratic
enlightenment is that process through which the masses are
transformed into a democratic society. As Walt Whitman says in
Democratic Vistas, “the democratic formula is the only safe
and preservative one for coming times. We endow the masses with the
suffrage for their own sake, no doubt; then, perhaps still more, from
another point of view, for community's sake. Leaving the rest to the
sentimentalists, we present freedom as sufficient in its scientific
aspect, cold as ice, reasoning, deductive, clear and passionless as
crystal.” We are left, thus, to understand the process which makes
this enlightenment possible, aided by thinkers like Whitman, but
ultimately left on our own in the harsh reality which is our world.
Indeed, as will be shown in this essay, there is something lacking in
the scope of Whitman's theory, a crucial element (or combination of
them) which brings to life the idealized democratic vista he
envisions.
Over the
course of this essay, wherein there is a rebuttal to the Whitman
hypothesis of democratic enlightenment, it will be shown that the
critical error which he makes, is to mistake the results of the
enlightenment with its causes. We will take, especially, the image of
the marksman as our means to communicate the three essential elements
of democratic enlightenment which are here pinpointed: the truth
image, the justice image, and the knowledge image. To further our
ability to grasp the concepts, periodic references to the
Matrix
(1999) will be given, a supplement to the marksman analogy.